Just as solar energy can heat the water for a building, it can also heat and cool the air.

Space Heating

A solar space-heating system can consist of a passive system, an active system, or a combination of both. Passive systems are typically less costly and less complex than active systems. However, when retrofitting a building, active systems might be the only option for obtaining solar energy.

Passive Solar Space Heating

Passive solar space heating takes advantage of warmth from the sun through design features, such as large south-facing windows, and materials in the floors or walls that absorb warmth during the day and release that warmth at night when it is needed most. A sunspace or greenhouse is a good example of a passive system for solar space heating.

Passive solar design systems usually have one of three designs:

• Direct gain (the simplest system) stores and slowly releases heat energy collected from the sun shining directly into the building and warming materials such as tile or concrete. Care must be taken to avoid overheating the space.
• Indirect gain (similar to direct gain) uses materials that hold, store, and release heat; the material is located between the sun and living space (typically the wall).
• Isolated gain collects solar energy remote from the location of the primary living area. For example, a sunroom attached to a house collects warmer air that flows naturally to the rest of the house.

For more information about passive solar space heating, visit the EERE Passive Solar Heating, Cooling, and Daylighting page.

Active Solar Space Heating

Active solar space-heating systems consist of collectors that collect and absorb solar radiation combined with electric fans or pumps to transfer and distribute that solar heat. Active systems also generally have an energy-storage system to provide heat when the sun is not shining. The two basic types of active solar space-heating systems use either liquid or air as the heat-transfer medium in their solar energy collectors.

Liquid-based systems heat water or an antifreeze solution in a hydronic collector. Air-based systems heat air in an air collector. Air-based solar heating systems usually employ an air-to-water heat exchanger to supply heat to the domestic hot water system, making the system useful in the summertime. Both of these systems collect and absorb solar radiation, then transfer the solar heat directly to the interior space or to a storage system, from which the heat is distributed. An auxiliary or backup system provides heat when storage is discharged. Liquid systems are more often used when storage is included.

Here is a summary of the many different types of active solar space-heating systems:

Medium-temperature solar collectors are generally used for solar space heating. Solar space heating systems operate in much the same way as indirect solar water-heating systems, but they have a larger collector area, larger storage units, and more complex control systems. They are also usually configured to provide solar water heating and typically provide 30% to 70% of the residential heating, or combined heating and hot water, requirements. Active solar space-heating systems require more sophisticated design, installation, and maintenance techniques.

• A very economical, but specialized space heating system is based upon use of transpired air collectors, mounted as an exterior cladding on a south-facing wall. These systems are used for ventilation preheating. This system heats only outdoor air. These collectors are unglazed, and a blower or fan is used to draw air through perforations in the wall to deliver ventilation air into the building. Solar ventilation air preheating systems are generally used in commercial and industrial applications that require large quantities of ventilation air, including: a) buildings that require much outdoor ventilation, such as warehouses, large manufacturing plants, and airplane maintenance hangars; b) crop drying; and c) pre-heatingof boiler combustion air.

Space Cooling

Cooling and refrigeration can be accomplished using thermally activated cooling systems (TACS) driven by solar energy. These systems can provide year-round utilization of collected solar heat, thereby significantly increasing the cost effectiveness and energy contribution of solar installations. These systems are sized to provide 30% to 60% of building cooling requirements using solar, with the remainder usually dependent on TACS fueled by natural gas. The TACS available for solar-driven cooling include absorption systems and desiccant systems. Generally, solar cooling is not used because of the high initial costs of TACS and the solar fields needed to drive them.

• Solar absorption systems use the thermal energy from a solar collector to separate a binary mixture of an absorbent and a refrigerant fluid. The refrigerant is condensed, throttled, and evaporated to yield a cooling effect, which is then re-absorbed to continue the cycle. Double-effect absorption systems (which use the heat twice in series) are about twice as efficient as single-effect systems, but require significantly higher input temperatures. Because of the high temperature requirements of absorption cooling systems, evacuated-tube or concentrating collectors are typically used.
• Solar desiccant systems use thermal energy from the solar collector to regenerate dessicants that dry ambient air; they then use that dry air in indirect and/or direct evaporative stages to provide cooled air to the load. The solar heat is used to regenerate the desiccant, driving off the absorbed water. Some systems use flat-plate collectors at intermediate temperatures.

The word solar stems from the Roman word for the god of the sun, Sol.  Therefore, the word solar refers to the Sun and “solar power” is power from the Sun.

When we say something is solar powered, we mean that the energy it uses for power came directly from solar energy or sunlight energy.  The sun provides Earth with 2 major forms of energy, heat and light.  Some solar powered systems utilize the heat energy for heating while others transform the light energy into electrical energy (electricity).

There are many practical applications for solar power that are in use today.  Passive solar home designs utilize heat energy.  By slanting windows in a house and facing them to the south you can control the heat energy that enters the house.  During the winter when the Sun is low in the sky it shines into the window to warm and illuminate the house.  During the summer when the Sun is high in the sky the slant of the windows keeps the sunshine out so that the house stays cooler.

There are vehicles that run on solar power.  Some have PV panels as a direct power source that convert light energy into electricity to power their motors.  Since those cars will not run when the sun is not available it is more practical to have a car powered by batteries that can be recharged with solar energy.

In countries and locations where traditional power sources are not available it is more economical to power a house with solar energy.  To these people, solar is not an alternative energy; it is their primary energy source.

Solar energy systems with battery storage are being used by businesses and residences all over the world to power a wide range of building equipment, lighting, appliances, computers and communications equipment. In general, these systems are best for applications in which backup power must be instantly available without interruption (for example, to power computers). They are also good for remote applications in which utility power is not available and a generator is not desirable.

	Component
	Solar Panel
	Inverter
	Battery
	ChargerBattery
	Auto-Transfer

An inverter is necessary for applications in which the DC power from a battery must be converted to AC. Although a small amount of energy is lost in converting DC to AC (typical inverter efficiencies are in the range of 90 to 95%), an inverter makes PV-generated electricity behave like utility power to operate everyday AC appliances, lights, and electrical equipment. Please note that you will need a special type of inverter if you want a battery backup system. For safety reasons most grid-tied inverters are designed to shutdown completely if there is a power failure

Solar energy systems with batteries operate by connecting the PV modules to a battery, and the battery, in turn, to the load. During daylight hours, the PV modules charge the battery. The battery supplies power to the load whenever needed. A simple electrical device called a charge controller keeps the batteries charged properly and helps prolong their life by protecting them from overcharging or from being completely drained.

Batteries make solar energy systems useful in more situations, but also require maintenance. The batteries used in PV systems are similar to car batteries, but are designed for deep cycling use in which a larger percentage of the capacity of the battery is used each night (and then fully charged up each day). Batteries designed for PV projects pose the same risks and demand the same caution in handling and storage as automotive batteries. The fluid in unsealed batteries is highly corrosive, levels should be checked periodically, batteries must be appropriately ventilated, and batteries should be protected from extremely cold weather. In practice we have found that when properly maintained batteries last for about 5-8 years, after which their capacity is significantly diminished.

A solar generating system with batteries supplies electricity when it is needed. The amount of electricity that can be used after sunset or on cloudy days is determined by the output of the solar energy modules and the storage capacity of the battery bank. Including more modules and batteries increases system cost, so energy requirements (both in terms of peak loads and the average duration of the loads) are carefully studied to determine optimum system size. A well-designed system balances cost and convenience to meet the needs of the particular application, and can be expanded if those needs change. Nevertheless, battery backup PV systems are typically more expensive, and have higher maintenance costs than simpler grid-tied systems.

There’s nothing wrong about being organized for emergencies. In the present economy, nothing is certain: jobs, food, even utilities. Because of this fact, people are now opting for solar powered homes. You don’t need to be wealthy and famous to use solar energy since the solar systems are more within your means these days.

There are advantages in using solar energy for homes. How much are you spending for electricity bills every month? Many residents have empty pockets because of the expensive electricity expenses. One way to lessen your bills is by going with solar power.

You don’t need any wiring if you use solar energy systems. For illustration, for your garden lights and water features, you can make use of solar energy. Most of the devices have night sensors and you no longer have to be concerned about turning them off. Solar lights are easily to be had and you will just need to take them out and set them in the right location where you want to get some good light.

Solar energy is environment friendly. It is an excellent form of renewable and clean energy. You won’t contribute to pollution unlike fossil fuels. By using solar energy systems like the solar cooker, solar thermal systems, and solar generators, you can cook without emissions.

During the opening phase of using solar energy, you will need to pay out money. Just think of it as an investment where you can profit in the long run. With less than $500, you can already use solar energy in your home. Solar energy is free of charge since you will use the sun’s power to make electricity. You can make use of solar lights, solar panels, etc. Don’t cut off your conventional electricity supply even when you’re already using solar energy. It’s not always sunny all throughout the year and so you will need conventional electricity during rainy days. The paramount thing about solar power is that you can reduce your monthly electric bills. If you can switch your home into a full solar energized house, you can surely profit significantly and you will not be anxious even if fuel prices grow.

Power outages usually take place when there are troubles but as long as you have solar power, you can benefit from using electrical appliances continuously. For those who are interested in solar energy, you can start off with undemanding projects like the water features and lights in your garden. These features are simple to develop and you won’t need any wiring.

In all you find here on Earth, there are advantages as well as drawbacks. True enough, solar energy has many advantages but you also need to look into the disadvantages. You need to think over things first before you consider opting for a solar powered home.

These days, you can easily acquire solar power gadgets like flashlights, pool purifiers, ventilators, mosquito inhibitors, heaters, fountain pumps, radios, lighting, and many others. Get ready to spend for the solar energy devices but don’t be troubled. After several months, you will start saving a lot of cash on your monthly bills. Think of it as a one-time investment and in the future, you can unquestionably benefit. buy solar panel with payday loan service

There are so many reasons why you should take advantage of DIY home solar energy that it’s actually kind of hard to know where to begin. The greatest benefit that leaps out to so many is the opportunity to create an endless amount of free electricity to power your home.

The other benefit will be appreciated by those that are concerned about the carbon footprint that we are leaving on this galactic rock that we inhabit called Earth. Fossil fuels emit pollutants into our atmosphere every time they are used and are a finite source of energy that are not only very expensive but are also being depleted by the day.

The increased demand by developing nations such as China and India are driving the costs of fossil fuels used in the home including heating oil and natural gas higher and higher. Couple that along with the ever present political turmoil in the Mideast and you have a recipe for runaway fuel costs.
Unless you are wealthy and money is no object then a DIY home solar energy system is hands down the way to go. You can go online and purchase an instantly downloadable e-book that contains complete plans for building and installing your own solar panels as well as videos that will walk you through how to do it step-by-step.

Constructing your own home solar energy system is relatively inexpensive, especially when compared to commercially built and installed solar panels. You can build your own photovoltaic solar cells and string them together into a solar panel that is every bit as good as a commercially constructed one for a fraction of the cost.

Commercial solar energy systems for a home of average size can run upwards of $20,000 and above. You can build your own solar panel and install it yourself for about $200 or even under $100. And once more, there are no special skills required to build your own solar panels and all the parts that you will need can be purchased at your neighborhood hardware store.

You can begin your foray into DIY home solar energy slowly by building a single panel which will generate enough electricity to run many of your household appliances. When you begin to become proficient at building the panels you can build more and add them to what you have already created which will of course enhance your ability to generate electricity free of charge.

And just think about this… it is very, very possible to generate enough electricity to completely power your home and no longer have to pay those expensive utility bills. Not only that but you can also go completely off the grid and even produce enough electricity that you can sell it back to the power company for a profit. It’s a beautiful thing isn’t it? And it’s all within your reach.